Glutamine can be found circulating in the blood, as well as stored in the skeletal muscles and liver, in concentrations ranging from 10- to 100-fold higher than any other amino acid.1
Glutamine is utilized in a number of vital functions, including protein synthesis and production of the nucleotide units that make up DNA and RNA. Because of its importance in many cellular functions, glutamine is consumed at especially high rates during activities involving intense exercise.1 It is an important energy source for cells lining the gut and immune cells and critical for healthy gut and immune function.2,3 It is also a precursor of the brain neurotransmitter glutamate.1,4
The function of glutamine in stimulating glycogen synthase, the enzyme that controls the synthesis and storage of glycogen fuel in muscles and liver, may provide a mechanism by which glutamine supplements promote enhanced fuel stores.5
People who engage in heavy exercise can affect their glutamine levels, causing stress to their body and immune systems.5,6 Supplementing with glutamine can be important to a serious athlete, someone challenged with muscle loss or someone who wants to help maintain optimal immune function and energy level under heavy stress.6,7
Studies indicate supplementing with glutamine can effectively raise glutamine concentrations in circulation and in muscle tissue, promote a healthy inflammatory response and support antioxidant defenses to maintain muscle health.8,9
